The following informational Sea Grant Pennant and Engineering Notes #1, #2 and #4 were prepared in the 1990's by Philip Keillor, Coastal Engineer (University of Wisconsin Sea Grant) addressing various Great Lakes infiltration intake design features with special reference to their potential uses for excluding organisms such as zebra mussels. They were available free of charge from Wisconsin Sea Grant in paper form and are now available in downloadable PDF format (click on titles below).

Sand Filter Intakes Could Safeguard Vital Water-Supply Systems from Zebra Mussels
This four page Sea Grant Pennant discusses the types of sand filter intakes available and the pros and cons of using them.

Engineering Note #1 Case Studies of Constructed Filter Bed Intakes
This sixteen page Engineering Note provides an overview of the features and experience with infiltration type intakes in the western Great Lakes.

Engineering Note #2 Infiltration Intakes for Very Large Water Supplies: Feasible?
This twelve page Engineering Note provides an overview of how engineering judgments about using infiltration intakes for very large water supply systems have developed over the past two decades.

Engineering Note #4 Using Filtration and Induced Infiltration Intakes to Exclude Organisms from Water Supply Systems
This fourteen page Engineering Note provides an overview of the feasibility of designing and building filtration systems and infiltration intakes to exclude organisms from water supplies, based on international experience.